Iraq Backlash

The main argument in this article is that the continued involvement of the United States in the war in Iraq will lead to unforeseen and even disastrous consequences such as a civil war or even global war given the fact that the United States is ill equipped at dealing with the insurgents and in properly identifying its role in the conflict and the impact of its continued involvement in the war.The writer presents his views by first defining what backlash is and proceeding to show the escalating death toll and skirmishes that have happened in Iraq since the United States has gotten involved. The writer then paints a grim picture of future that lies ahead if the United States continues its policies and involvement in the conflicts in the Middle East and the war in Iraq.The view presented by the writer is correct to the extent that the continued involvement of the United States could indeed make them the victim of unforeseen and disastrous consequences such a rising casualties of the ar med forces currently stationed there and of the civilians. The continued involvement in Iraq could also be detrimental to the United States economy as any conflict in the Middle East causes the price of oil to rise and directly affects the economic output of any country.A prolonged war, as in this case, caused by continued United States involvement will definitely affect its economy in the long run. The writer however is too quick to point out that global war will be the direct effect of such actions. There is no substantial evidence to show that this will indeed result to a world war III or a world war IV. The other world leaders have been quick to show that the United States is acting on its own accord and have refused to lend any aid in the war in Iraq.

Bodybuilding

This article is with Hugh Jackson on how he has transformed so much form the first X-Men movie to the recent one X-Men Wolverine 2. He was intended to become a MAMA fighter but he chose to become an actor. In the first X-Men he was in shape but not a muscular. When Hugh Jackson knew he was going to be in more of the X-Men series he thought to himself that a Wolverine should be a beast and strong. So that's what he intended to do he started to work out a lot.Jackson started to eat a lot healthier and watched what he ate so he can be in the best shape for the next movie. He tells you how he works out on some days he would go for repetition on the weight from 8-10 reps and others he would go heavy 1-5 reps. He also told the author how he has so less body fat, he did this phase called cutting. Analysis I do agree on how Hugh Jackson work out because I do the exact same thing. The first thing is that he would bulk up which means put on some weight before the season begins.After you are do ne bulking you go into a cutting phase which means that you will lose a lot of that fat and turn it into a muscular fit look. Hugh Jackson and I have a lot of things In common such as eating working out and Just watching our figure. He would work really hard to get that great body that everyone wants and even more Impressive he Is at the age of 44 and he Is still pushing up as much weights as the teenagers. That's really Impressive for his age.

Human Resources Management Essay

An individual can work hard due to various reasons which may be arising as a result of motivation in the organization. One factor that can make an individual to work hard is satisfaction received from the job he or she is doing and also from the organization (Pepitone, & Bruce, 1999, pp. 86). From the motivation theory of Douglas McGregor who came up with the theory Y and theory X, as he examined individual behaviors at work, he outlined several factors that can help us understand why people work hard in their work places. From the assumptions of theory X, we can say individuals work hard as result of how they are being controlled by the person in charge of them and also from the threats issued by their manager (Arab British Academy for Higher Education, 2010). The manager may issue threats and control to the individuals because the individuals according to this assumption dislike their work and thus in order for them to work hard the manager or supervisor has to do this as motivation to make the individuals to perform well and thus achieve the organizational goals. Another factor that makes individuals be directed to work hard according to this theory X assumptions is that, human beings on average like being directed and does not like responsibility (Arab British Academy for Higher Education, 2010) This can make the person responsible or in charge of the individuals to be involved in ensuring that individuals are being directed to work hard since on their own they can not be devoted to their work. Also the manager or supervisor can direct individuals since they are unambiguous so that he can make them to work hard in the organization. An individual may also work hard with the aim of achieving his goals and making sure that he has enabled security for his or her job. Motivation, which may not be in form of financial reward but any other reward that brings opportunity of satisfaction is another factor that may influence an individual to work hard. Still, one may be forced by circumstances to work hard due to the organizational principles which may be having a tough management and also may be full of punishment and even tight controls. On the other hand and according to the assumption of theory Y, an individual may work hard as a result of how he or she perceive his or her job since this assumption see work as just natural as rest or play (Fournies, 2000, pp 51). Furthermore, an individual can work hard if he or she is committed to the achievement of the organization and has an understanding that to be controlled or punished is not the only thing that can make him or her work hard. Job satisfaction can make one to commit himself or herself in the organization and work hard since he will be comfortable with his or her work In the current industrial life condition, intellectual potentialities are partially utilized for an average man so if a manager can be able to fully utilize this potentiality, then an individual can work much harder to achieve or improve performance of the organization (Fisher, 2000, pp. 101). An individual can work hard if there is no conflict in the job he or she is doing and even if there are no conflicting issues between him and the other employees in the organization. Being creative and imaginative can make an individual to be confident with the job one is doing and thus put more effort in his or her work. Hard and soft human resource management is two widely used models in recruiting new employees in many organizations. The two models have different views in accordance to the managerial control and human nature strategies. According to the motivational theory of McGregor which encompasses two assumptions which are theory X and theory Y, the hard model lays basis on strategic control which is tight and also view employees in the economic model as in theory X, where as the soft human resource management, their basis of control is through the commitment as in theory Y (Fournies, 2000, pp. 53). Differences in selection of employees in these two companies come as a result of the strategies of human resource which are different. The strategies of hard human resource include the organizational design, performance management, talent planning and resourcing and also the organizational development (Gill, 2001, pp, 61). In integrating the business strategy and human resource, the hard human resource strategies include techniques of management performance such as appraisal, organizational flexibility and also setting targets of work which they control them. On the hand soft human resource management involve themselves in training the employees and are much concerned on how employees perceive promotion opportunities and training. In this management approach the staff and management have good trust and communication between themselves. The strategies of soft human resource management include the employee relations, talent and learning development, recognition and reward and also employee engagement. The employee relation in soft human resource management includes the equality, diversity, safety and health. Recruitment of employees in organizations which have hard human resource management may be done in most cases as a contract since the organization does not have time to train new employees. Furthermore, the organization aim is to maximize on the potentiality of the employee and may dispose him or her if they find him unproductive so there is no need of recruiting new employees to be permanent unless he proves to be competent (Gold, & Bratton, 2001, 67). The soft human resource management on the other hand can recruit new employees with purpose of retaining them and train them to be fit in the organization for productivity of the organization. The soft human resource managers, since they are much concerned about the employees, they can recruit even persons who are not well trained and train them so that they can be comfortable in their work. A company which uses soft human management is more likely to recruit employees by retaining the existing employees incase of a promotion since the employees already in the organization are already trained and the valuable knowledge of the organizations operations (Gill, 1999, pp. 68). The company using hard human resource management is least likely to retain the existing employees since the employees may not be willing to stay long in the organization due to the strict rules and threats that exist in such organization. Soft human resource managers may be willing to retain existing employees as an incentive of motivating the other employees to work more harder since promotions are granted on the basis of work well done where as the company using hard human resource management does not do appraisal to employees as a result of their good results but they view it as the necessity of one to meet the set work target for the organization. The company using hard human resource management will recruit employees who are already competent even though it will mean getting employees from their competitors since they have no time to recruit an employee who will not be productive to the company even if is the first time he has started the job and also they have no time for training new employees (Gill, 1999, pp. 66) They are also more likely to have continuous replacement or recruitment of new employees since the existing employees can not stay long in an organization that does not motivate or recognize their efforts. The organizations, which use soft human resource management are more likely to retain employees and thus they do not need to continue recruiting new employees since the existing employees feel satisfied in their job as they are continuously motivated and there is chance of advancing in the same company and thus there is no need of leaving the organization for another one. Still, companies that use hard human resource management does not put in use the strategy of recruiting long term employees since they only need employees who can work in that organization so long as he or she is performing up to the time when he will be un productive (Gill, 1999, pp. 66). On the other hand, the companies who use the soft human resource management have to decide on the importance of recruiting new employees who can stay in the organization for long time since recruiting new employees is an expensive exercise and thus they see need of retaining new employees or recruiting employees with aim of retaining them in the organization.

World Trade Center Collapse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

World Trade Center Collapse - Essay Example The boundary columns supported nearly all lateral loads, like the wind loads, and also shared the gravity loads with the core columns. In total, above the 7th floor there were 59 boundary columns along each face of the building and there were 47 heavier columns in the core. Besides, all of the elevators and stairwells were located in the core, leaving a large column-free space between the boundary that was bridged by pre-fabricated floor trusses. The tower also consisted of truss system that allowed some load redistribution between the perimeter and core columns and supported the transmission tower The towers also consisted of a "hat truss" or "outrigger truss" located between the 107th and 110th floors, which consisted of six trusses along the long axis of core and four along the short axis. It was found to play a key role in the collapse sequence (NIST 6-17, 2005). WTC towers like all modern day skyscrapers were designed in a perfet way to survive major fires. After the fire incide nce in 1975 that spread to six floors before being extinguished, fireproofing was also added to the two towers (Hamburger 2:1-40). It is said that while designing these towers, the possibility of any accedent by aircraft was also taken into consederation. John Skilling, who had been in charge of the structural design of the buildings said that an aircraft impact would cause a great deal of damage and loss of life, mainly because of the cunsequent fires, but he claiment that the structure would not collapse (Nalder n. pag). Leslie Robertson, who had also participated in the structural design of the towers, after the 9/11 attack said that the towers had in fact been designed to withstand the impact of the largest airliner such as the Boeing 707-320. According to Robertson, the modeled aircraft weighed 263,000 lb (119 metric tons) with a flight speed of 180 mph (290 km/h), as in approach and landing. However, this would have been much slower than the actual impacts of 9/11. He also said that they lacked a good understanding and did not antiocipate the effects of such large fires on the structures (Robertson n. pag). Unfortunately, the designers Skilling and Robertson and many others had not anticipated sush an event while designing the buildings. Impact of the Fire Though both the towers were cinstructed in such a mannar with fireproofing, none of us anticipated such a attack. Once the aircrafts hit the towers the light construction and hollow nature of the structures allowed the jet fuel to penetrate deep inside the towers simultanously igniting many large fires over a wide area of the impacted floors. Once the fuel from the planes burned out the contents of the buildings cought fire and burned over the next hour or hour and a half (Field 2004). Many people has suggested that the fires may not have penetrated deep into the core of the building rathere the debris and fuel would likely have remained mostly outside the buildings or concentrated in more peripheral areas away from the building cores. But in this scenario, the towers might have stood far longer, perhaps indefinitely (Gross 2004). The fires were hot enough and were responsible for weakening the columns and cause floors to sag down resulting in pulling perimeter columns

Carlsberg Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Carlsberg - Assignment Example Basically, there are various factors that shape the international business environment. For instance, factors such as economic, political as well as cultural differences that might exist between the parent company’s country and the country of the foreign operation may significantly impact on the operations of a particular organization in a different environment. Thus, organizations operating in foreign countries need to design an effective entry strategy that can enable it to operate viably in this environment. Against this background, this essay seeks to evaluate the question of how the international business environment influences the corporation’s business strategy and operations This essay is based on the case study of Carlsberg and it seeks to establish the reasons for this company’s failure to enter China for the first time around the early 2000. The paper looks at how factors such as the difference between Western and Eastern values impact on the operation s of an organization in a foreign country. In order to establish the reasons why Carlberg’s emerging markets strategy failed to materialise in China in the early 2000s, it is imperative to begin by giving the company’s historical background. According to the case study given, Carlsberg is the fifth largest brewing company in the world. The core business of this company is related to brewing, marketing and selling beer. The company was established in 1847 in Denmark. The company currently has more than 33Â  000 employees and it operates in more than 75 countries. Due to maturing and stagnation of western European beer markets, the company underscored to embark on the emerging markets strategy in order to capitalise on the opportunities available in emerging markets such as China. However, it has not been that rosy for the company during the early 2000s as it faced some challenges in a bid to establish itself as a force to reckon with in the Chinese market. The ownershi p structure of the organization contributed to the difficulties if faced in attempting to finance its operations. The Carlsberg Foundation was supposed to have a 51 % stake. The other factor that contributed to the challenges that were faced in the beer industry in the mid 2000s is the aspect related to rising production costs as well as increasing competition from wine and spirits. The other issue that contributed to challenges faced by breweries is related to consolidation of the industry where the number of actors significantly declined. The issue of consolidation significantly impacted on the endeavours by Carlsberg to penetrate the Chinese market. After entering into a 50/50 joint venture with a Thai company Chang Beverages Pte ltd, the newly incorporated market CAL faced fierce competition in the beer industry in the South East China. There were disagreements which made CAL to breach the contract and this attracted a heavy lawsuit against it. The other challenge that was faced by Carlsberg is that the people in the western part of China were very poor though they contributed about one third of the total population. However, Carlsberg’s presence in western parts of China was through joint ventures since it did not have a fully owned brewery. This greatly helped it to embark on its strategy to penetrate emerging markets. There are different factors that characterise Western vs Eastern business environments and it should be noted that these have an influence on the success of a brewery especially in an emerging market. For instance, the consumption patterns of beer in the Eastern market are booming compared to the European markets that that are now saturated. Economies in emerging markets such as China are strong and they significantly influence the behaviour of the consumers towards beer. According to Mintel report obtained from (http://www.mintel.com/press-centre/press-releases/882/china-beer-consumption-hits-the-50-billion-litre-mark-for-first-tim e-in-2011, 2012, China is the largest beer market in the world and research shows that the country’

Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Essay - 1

Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example It is therefore no surprise that generations of corporate managers have grown up believing that business ethics consists merely of complying with civil and criminal law and not doing anything that would damage the reputation of the company or its products (Feiser, 2007). Goran Svensson and Greg Wood in their publication â€Å"A Model of Business Ethics† suggested that there is the need to define a new model of business ethics that needs to encompass not just the internal stakeholders but also the external stakeholders. This includes the society at large. They suggested that the society has expectations of each company, it has perceptions and it evaluates each company against those expectations and perceptions. They also pointed that these standards will be continually reviewed and modified and corporate managers have to measure up to these changes (Svensson & Wood, 2008). The trend for companies to measure up to society’s standards of ethics has been further enhanced by the emergence of large institutional investors as significant players in the capital markets from the early 1970s. These large investors have sparked the trend to what is termed Socially Responsible Investment where these large funds would only invest in companies that set â€Å"acceptable† standards of business ethics. ... This trend has strengthened after the 2008 global financial crisis with investors seeking much higher standards of corporate behaviour than had been acceptable in the past. Ethical corporate behaviour is now enforced by the power of the media scrutiny that can force change. A good recent example is Starbucks in the UK being forced to pay additional tax after social boycott of their outlets following media reports of their tax avoidance practices (Hurley, 2012). The access to the internet and the social media by employees, suppliers and other stakeholders of large corporations also makes sure that ethical business practices are not merely professed but also practiced. In recent times, most public corporations have adopted the practice of publicizing their business ethics and corporate social responsibility projects voluntarily to build up the image of their companies in the media and amongst the investor communities. Various organizations have come up to rank companies on their busine ss ethics and these awards are eagerly sought after. 2. The application of business ethics practices at Anglo-American and Primark 2.1 Anglo – American Anglo American is one of the world’s largest mining companies with revenues of ? 22 billion and profits of ? 8 billion (Anglo-American, 2012). Though it has mining operations all around the world, in countries such as Canada, Australia Brazil and Chile, 76% of its employees live and work on the African continent. The mining industry has some major challenges with respect to business ethics and sustainable development. A 2010 survey of stakeholders conducted by the International Council on Mining & Metals listed some of these issues.

INFORMATION SOCIETY & INFORMATION ECONOMY Essay - 1

INFORMATION SOCIETY & INFORMATION ECONOMY - Essay Example These channels have been reported to have coverage to 33.3 million to 47.8 million households from year 1997-2002. They are available through cable, satellite and digital platforms. Transnational channels allow companies to have a platform where they can expand their sales and brands internationally (Collison 2002; Chalaby 2003). The study aims to comprehensively review what transnational television is, its benefits, challenges and impact on globalisation, specifically in the United Kingdom. It will also critically analyze transnational television-related literatures available in peer-reviewed journals. Lastly, the study will review convergence theories that will help provide a deeper understanding of the phenomenal widespread of transnational television. The United Kingdom has seen dramatic changes in television since the 1980s, from the increase in demand for televisions to the increase in the number of networks and programmes (OECD 1997). Changes and transformation in media, specifically television, is commonly characterised by the following: emergence of megaglobal companies which resulted from acquisitions and mergers; privatization of media companies; less restriction on foreign ownership; corporate investments on new advancements in technology such as satellite and cable; and transnationalisation of advertisements (Jin 2007). Acquisitions and mergers are commonly demonstrated by large companies who have the means to expand. Instead of forming and constructing their own, they just merge or acquire and use the machinery and technology of smaller companies. Digital Revolution. The Digital revolution started in 1984 when Apple introduced Mac to the world, commonly characterised by the user-friendly graphics and unique page design and layout tool. The focus in terms of information infrastructures has been on broadband satellite systems, one of which is

HR Case Study of Motivation, Compensation and Rewards Research Paper

HR Case Study of Motivation, Compensation and Rewards - Research Paper Example It however has a large number of employees whom it ensures that they receive a fair and equitable treatment. TRI Company however will require an appropriate compensation, reward and benefits system to enable its employees to stay motivated and to improve their performance. The appropriate performance appraisal system will also be required to measure the performance of the employees. The appropriate reward system will therefore be needed and this involves the financial rewards, non-financial compensation and the employee benefits. The reward system will be composed of processes that measure the value of job, motivational practices applicable, structures that relate the appropriate pay to the value of work done, schemes for providing incentives and rewards and structures that help to maintain the reward system (Armstrong, 2002). With the large number of employees available in the company, TRI will require compensation models that will ensure that the employees are more productive in their contribution to the company. The models that TRI may use to compensate their employees include merit pay, base pay, which include salaries, rewarding them using hourly wages, contingent pay, which includes use of bonuses, stock options, and gain sharing plans, indirect compensation and profit sharing. Base pay, which is also referred to as basic pay will include payment of a basic salary to the employees in the organization. The application of this model to TRI Company will involve ensuring that every employee is entitled to a basic monthly salary, which they should receive at the end of every month, year or other determined interval. The basis for this basic salary will be the managerial judgments that are used to recruit these employees. It is used as a platform through which other additional payments are determined. It also forms the platform on which other entitlements such as pensions are based. Merit Pay for TRI will involve determining the amount of

Are cell phones dangerous Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Are cell phones dangerous - Essay Example This is the main reason why the wireless industry dismisses the idea that cell phones are dangerous. This paper argues that the public should not easily overlook the possible harms of long-term cell phone use. Using cell phones can lead to cancer and critically harm children, especially since independent studies indicate potential biological effects of cell phone use. Extensive cell phone use can change or heat biological tissues enough to possibly cause cancer or other cellular changes. Walsh highlights the 1995 study of Lai, who co-wrote a study demonstrating that a â€Å"single two-hour exposure of RF radiation,† which are the levels deemed as safe by U.S. standards, had genetically damaged rats’ brain cells enough that they developed cancer (48). Other studies could not replicate the same findings, but they are funded by the wireless industry, stresses Walsh (48). ... Graham-Rowe stresses that William Stewart, the leader of the British government's â€Å"independent expert group† on mobile phones has taken these findings on a serious note. Graham-Rowe interviews Stewart who states: â€Å"These results are very important and potentially far-reaching. Independent confirmation is crucial and we need this quickly† (4). Graham-Rowe explains that microwaves normally do not have enough energy to damage even weak chemical bonds in human cells, so scientists think that they cannot make enough damage, unless they can heat up the cells (4). Heating up cells may be an effect of cell phones that come from the long-term human use of these gadgets. These studies provide some evidence that it is possible that cell phones, however weak their radio-frequency (RF) radiation may be, can introduce changes at cellular levels, especially at the present prevalence of cell phone use. Other studies provide findings that the same energies and heat from cell ph ones can result to changes in biological tissues. Graham-Rowe reports on another scientific research done by David de Pomerai at the University of Nottingham. De Pomerai affirms that cell phone radiation can impact nematode worms, though heating is not enough to explain it (5). Based on Graham-Rowe’s interview, De Pomerai's team discovered that nematode worms that are exposed to microwaves at frequencies comparable to those released by a cell phone, â€Å"increased the number of worms that go on to produce eggs† (5). The same energy and heat emitted by cell phones have caused these animals to become more fertile. This study suggests that it is possible that cell phone has radiation levels that are high enough to warming cells or to induce some cellular level of changes.

Leadership and organizational creativity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leadership and organizational creativity - Essay Example Every employee makes part of this family. Getting to work in such an environment inculcates a strong sense of belongingness and high self-esteem in the workers. They can relate to the environment at the workplace just like they can relate to their respective families at home. The employee-centered culture that prevails at the workplace is one of the most important and influential factors that make Spiers-Lopez effective. Employees in such a culture feel empowered and satisfied. Developing such an environment at the workplace is not easy. It takes a lot of dedication, hard work, and most importantly, self-awareness. Awareness of the self and a belief in her personal values has given Spiers-Lopez the confidence that she requires to make informed decisions and have an impact on the team at the workplace so profound that workers feel obliged to let such a culture nurture and

MGT 511 slp 3 Work-Life Issues WALMART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGT 511 slp 3 Work-Life Issues WALMART - Essay Example WalMart’s Work Life policies: The company’s website provides a wide and detailed explanation of the company’s focus and commitment on making work as flexible as possible for the employees (WalMart Diversity, 2011). However in the true sense, it has been noted that there have been a number of issues that have been brought out in terms of the company and the excessive work that the company puts on the employees. Employee complains have clearly been on the fact that the company forces employees to work overtime and also the pay provided by WalMart is also quite low. This leads to a number of issues for the employees. There are a number of pros and cons for this approach of work life policy that the company uses. Firstly, the pros are that it proves to be beneficial for the company and helps the company increase the revenues of the company (Armstrong, 2006). However in the long run this can prove to be destructive for the company as it will only lead to higher employ ee attrition and this can prove to be very expensive for the company. The main cons for this method is that it leaves the employees dissatisfied and also leads to work life imbalance for the employees. Based on the company website, it seems that the company plays a lot of attention to social responsibility and ethical work environment. However based on employees views, this seem to be the absolute opposite.

BA (Hons) Accounting Essay Example for Free

BA (Hons) Accounting Essay Abstract In â€Å"Cost Transparency in Supply Chains: Demystification of the Cooperation Tenet† article, the authors would like to deliver the message about studies on open-book accounting to rivet on mainly on the functions and difficulties, determinants and consequences, and of interorganizational cost management. To offer a new direction, authors seek to detect and systematize applications of open-book accounting. They follow a qualitative approach to analyze why and how open-book accounting is being used in practice. Data were obtained from 59 interviews conducted with purchasing experts and analyzed through content analysis. Authors find that being used for interorganizational cost management, open-book accounting is used in price management. This includes increasing negotiation pressure on a supplier. Based on this finding, we develop a framework to systematize different open-book accounting uses according to both underlying motives for cost transparency and purchasing strategies. The research finding the following to show that cost transparency can be used to achieve to support price management and that it does not necessarily require a trusting and cooperative customer supplier relationship. The background of cost transparency A qualitative research design supplemented by quantitative analysis. Set up a three-tiered design that allows us to evaluate all of the aspects indicated above. Using an online questionnaire that was designed to either affirm or contradict the results obtained from the interviews and to allow for certain quantitative analyses. From a total of 59 interviewees, and received 46 completed questionnaires. Take into account the reverse perspective. To support the results, especially for data manipulation, authors conducted 18 interviews with sales experts. Use the data retrieved from the three step to analysis and explanation on Open-book accounting uses and the article â€Å"Cost Transparency in Supply Chains: Demystification of the Cooperation Tenet† Introduction Cost transparency in the supply chain is the ability to discover how much a particular stock costs, treatment costs or service costs, preferably before receiving the stock, treatment or service. The cost of suppliers is mostly unknown to buyer. We have no way to price in an any services or the cost of a stock, nor do we find pricing published anywhere that helps us compare prices to make better consumer decisions. Cost transparency uses are difference methods in many difference area reform efforts to understand if supplier price increases are justified. We don’t want to pay too much, but you don’t want to knock him down either Literature Review In the world, India is the fourth largest economy and expected to become the fastest growing greater economic in the next few decades. To achieve its economic and development goals, the Indian government targeted the economic growth rates of about 8-10 percent a year for the next few decades. (Rastogi, 2011) The balanced scorecard is a strategic planning and management tool that helps an organization understand and work towards, and allows monitoring the indicators. A completed scorecard system aligns the organization’s picture, with business strategy and daily operation, the fulfillment of the strategy developed by the direction. Strategic performance measures are the better way to notify the decision-making and show progress toward the desired  results. The organization can focus on the most important areas that they are needed to achieve its vision, at the same time it helps an organization make effectiveness objective. (Sharma, 2009) At present, the balanced scorecard is used as strategic analysis system, which indispensable within the strategic management field for future organizations and the competitive business environment. Although balanced scorecard is widely used, but the model has some issues are unable to supply the quantitative indicators and measure the relative important weights for each perspective contribution. The problems associated with the operations using long term strategy has difficult to found by a good number of firms. Firms as well as knowledge of its picture in the future requires more information, compared to financial operational standards that evaluates the strategies and long term view of the firm as well as strategies in operational achievement. Balance scorecard has used for designing and determining strategic operation. The model of balanced scorecard provides the artifice for comparison to obtain many kind of perspective on the strategic decisions taking into consideration for the impact on customers, employee learning, finances and customers. (Sorooshian, 2014) Research Methodology The balance scorecard approach is to improve the firm performance. From previous research, Kaplan and Norton (1992) developed an innovative corporate performance scorecard that provides a framework for selecting multiple key performance indicators that supplement traditional financial measure short term operational controls to the long term strategy of the business. The research suggested mixed results, however, the results confined only to Europe and North America. (Kothari C.R., 2004) To provide evidences to support the balance scorecard is a widely accepted tool for management to achieve different kinds of balance between short and long run operational purposes, Anand et al. conducted a questionnaire on performance scorecard and sent out to chief financial officer (CFO) in India for response. The questionnaire sent to all 579 companies included multinational corporations from a major constituent of Indian corporate  sector, however, only 9% response rate from CFOs. Based on the responses, about half of the responses using balance scorecard. (Kothari C.R., 2004) Anand et al. used field research that they mail questionnaire to each company’s chief financial officer for response. They identified the social and economic background of respondents; however, there are limitations for the methodology. According to the response rate, the survey was likely that the firm does not respond on time and may have non-response bias, which occurs in statistical surveys if the answers of respondents differ from the potential answers of those who did not answer. For example, the chief financial officer with a high workload may not answer the survey because they do not have enough time to answer it, and/or those with a low workload may decline to respond for perceive them as unnecessary. If they found is not necessary or not favorable to the firm, they will definitely ignore the survey. Therefore, non-response bias may make the measured value for the different effects of the above biases happen to offset each other. . (Kothari C.R., 2004) Data Collection The balance scorecard approach is an attempt to arrive different kinds of balance between short run and long run, different perspectives of the of the scorecard, between measuring change and the present position, and between market image and internal focus. It is useful for both strategic and operational purposes. To implement it successfully, it must enjoy widespread support from the company. The questionnaire sent to all 579 companies included multinational corporations from a major constituent of Indian corporate sector, however, only 9% response rate from Chief financial officers. It does not directly reflect those companies actual status. Chief financial officers are the most understanding to the financial situation of a company. If the questionnaire replies from an assistant, clerk or other non-important staff, it would be no more truthfulness. The data impact this research authenticity. It would be more truthful if the questionnaire replies form an important person of company. Table 7 on the research show that only 54.2 per cent of the respondents agree the initial choice of key performance indicators at the design stage of the balance scorecard has been substantially validated. Almost a half of the respondents just validates partly or validates to a limited extent. The validated of the research design stage was too low. Actually, in design stage can be change the visitor more validate to balance scorecard. It can let the research more to fit in with the purpose. Table 1 on the research show that the visitor is major in 3 types of industry(15.09 per cent on other, 13.21 per cent on consumer durable, personal care and food product, and 11.32 per cent on engineering and capital goods). The distributed of industry was not average to Indian companies. It cannot impact the situation of balance scorecard in Indian companies. Conclusion The balanced scorecard is a set of measuring and managing the performance tool. It is focus on the processes and achieving the result. The purpose of the balanced scorecard is to manage and ensure the organizations strategy will be fulfill and achieve the objective. Based on the above article, we have some of the strength, weakness and limitation of using balanced scorecard in the organization. Benefits include align the action to strategy effectively. Balanced scorecard is a powerful system through strategy map, less strategy will align with the financial perspective. By using the balanced scorecard which helps the organization achieves the target and improves the level of management. Also, balanced scorecard maybe causes business unit gain the competitive advantages leading to the benefit to the financial performance. Balanced scorecard has unable to supply the quantitative indicators and measure the relative important weights for each perspective contribution. But the method of quantitative may produce too much performance measures. It is quite difficulties in generating non-financial indicators, but the financial indicators not a certain problem. Sometimes, less highlight on  human resource maybe the greatest weakness of balanced scorecard. There have competitive factors with innovation and knowledge which is the big challenge in current organization. When the organization’s key drivers change, the balanced scorecard must be update such changed. At the same time, resources and organizational capabilities should act as limitation for small organization. Compare with specific industry, there have some limitation or maybe use the balanced scorecard frequently. Any changes in environment, customers and competitors to be more highlight the effect of using the adequate balanced scorecard. If you want to accomplish more easily, should be coordinate with four perspectives, customer, financial, internal business and learning and growth. Nowadays, balanced scorecard is commonly used in the organization. Adopt a good balanced scorecard should be state your strategies with the objective and measure which you have choose. In the organization, everyone must understand each specific strategy, help organizations to acquire full successes. The most important point is the business must maintain updated balanced scorecard and aligned with needs of today. Bibliography: 1. Rastogi, N. P. (2011) Winds of Change: India’s Emerging Climate Strategy, The International Spectator, Vol. 46, No. 2, June 2011, pp. 127–141 2. Sharma, A. (2009) Implementing Balance Scorecard for Performance Measurement, The Icfai University 10 Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. VI, No. 1, p. 11 3. Sorooshian, S (2014) Study on Unbalanceness of the Balanced Scorecard, Faculty of Industrial Management, University Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia, Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 8, 2014, no. 84, 4163 – 4169

Causes And Effects Of Water Shortage Environmental Sciences Essay

Causes And Effects Of Water Shortage Environmental Sciences Essay Water crises have focused peoples attention on water shortage and degradation. Scarce water resources have had negative impacts on the world. Dubale states that water shortage and water degradation are causing serious problems for international security and for peoples health. Rozelle, Huang and Zhang (1997) explain that people face water shortages do not have enough water to meet their daily needs, while water degradation causes a decrease in the quality of peoples lives. One cause of water shortage is mismanagement of water resources, and one cause of water degradation is pollution. Water degradation affects people by causing health problems, and water shortage affects international security by causing regional controversies and conflicts. This essay will discuss two main causes of water shortage and water degradation and their effects on people and international security. One main cause of water shortage is mismanagement of water resources. Jiang (2009) states that as water become a limited and scarce resource relative to the dramatically growing human needs, effective management of the limited available water resources becomes critical. However, People have no incentive to save or use water efficiently, so effective management to deal with the externality of water use and market failure is needed. Over the past decades, Chinas water resource management, unfortunately, has been dominated by engineering projects to satisfy water demands rather than improving water use efficiency. The institutional system of water resource management is fragmented and ineffective. Lack of effective coordination and cooperation among water agencies has led to fragmented water resource institutions which prevent effective management of water resources. In addition, water rights system is the foundation of effective water resource management. Unfortunately, Chinas institut ional system of water rights has not been well developed and is not strictly enforced. Managing water resources based on water rights has not been successful. Much of the water use inefficiency and the current water scarcity in China can be attributed to an underdeveloped system of water rights. Pereira, Oweis and Zairi (2002) assume that mismanagement of water resources has increased Chinas vulnerability to increasingly severe water shortages. Farmers are also mismanagement water in China. Hu, Moiwo, Yang, Han, Yang (2010) explain that farmers are usually over irrigating their farms because they forget to turn off the water on time, and over irrigating the farms too often. These irresponsible behaviors waste a large amount of limited water resources, because less irrigation could yield similar productivity (Fan et al., 2012).Therefore, improper management of water causes the shortage of water. One main cause of water degradation is pollution from industry and agriculture. Wang (1989) state that water pollution started with industrial development in the 1950s and had become more serious since the 1970s in China. The major contribution to water pollution is industrial discharges, about 75 per cent of total wastewater being from industry. At present, only 20 per cent of factories have wastewater treatment facilities. Pollutants of wastewater include organic and toxic chemicals, such as phenols, oils, cyanides and heavy metals, they may flow into the rivers to cause hyper-eutrophic and fishless phenomenon for years. In addition, wastewater in industrial production also causes the water degradation. For instance, wastewater produced by some manufacturing activities, such as pulp and paper production, printing and dyeing, leather tanning and coal gasification, have very high concentrations of pollutants which are difficult to biodegrade. Ordinary treatment techniques are difficult to clean these kinds of wastewater. Some effective techniques are known but are too expensive to be acceptable to the factories. This type of pollution is diff icult to control in China. Qadir et al. (2009) state that excessive irrigation, which combined with overuse of chemical pesticides, have caused large scale of water quality deterioration, particularly in downstream areas of the Aral Sea Basin in Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan, Central Asia. Therefore, water degradation mainly comes from industry and agricultures pollution. Having discussed the causes of water shortage and degradation, this essay will continue to discuss two main effects of water shortage and degradation in relation to international security and to peoples health in developing and developed countries. One main effect of water shortage is that it causes regional conflicts for water resources. Frà ¶hlich (2012) states that the water conflict in Middle East become one of the serious international security problems in the world. The Middle East region is primarily relying on agriculture, water is a highly scare resource in this region and there have been conflicts over the ownership and use of water resources. Water supplies in Middle East are limited, unequal used and overused. Israel has controlled Jordan River and its aquifers, and sells little water to Palestine and Jordan. The current Palestine water supply is restricted and limited by Israel. Israel rejects to acknowledge Palestines water rights, while water consumption of Israel is four to six times higher than Palestinians. These unequal consumption of water caused conflicts among these countries which around the Jordan River. Aliewi (2009) argues that it is necessary to negotiate between the Palestine and Israel in which the International Law will be used to solve the conflict over water. The Palestinians should recover their water rights and fair share in water resources. Haftendorn (2000) also claim that in South America, a long term debate about building the Brazilian-Paraguay dam project on the Parana River caused international conflict between Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. The project was prevented by countries located at lower basin region, who were afraid that the Parana River might be cut off by the dam and would threat their access to this water resource. Therefore, water shortage has affected the regional conflicts among many countries. One main effect of water degradation is that it causes health problems. Pimentel et al. (2007) state that diseases are spreading by polluted water, such as diarrhea, malaria, tuberculosis, and measles, threating the peoples health. Tarrass and Benjelloun (2012) maintained that forty per cent of peoples deaths are attributed to organic and chemical pollutants. Gleick (2002) conclude that more than two million of infants and children die each year from diarrhea, which is caused largely by contaminated water. Epstein, Ford, Puccia, and Possas (2006) state that polluted water led 80 per cent of the diseases around the world, while 90 per cent of these diseases are spreading in developing countries. Pimentel et al. (2007) also maintain that even in developed countries, diseases caused by water degradation have also had an impact on peoples health. For example, in the USA, diseases caused by water degradation lead to 900 deaths each year (Pimentel et al. 2007). Tarrass and Benjelloun (2012 ) state that polluted water is closely linked diseases. According to Bartram, Lewis, Lenton, and Wright (2005), diseases related to unsafe water is the most common cause of illness and death among the poor people in developing countries. For example, 1.6 million deaths each year can be attributed to health problems caused by water pollution (Bartram, Lewis, Lenton, and Wright, 2005). Therefore, water degradation has affected peoples health. In conclusion, water shortage and water degradation have two main negative effects on people and international security. The main cause of water shortage is mismanagement of water for industrial production, irrigation and leading to regional conflicts on water resources. And the main cause of water degradation is water pollution caused by chemicals which are difficult to biodegrade. Water degradation causes serious diseases for peoples health around the world. In order to solve these problems, all the countries should cooperate together to solve the water crises, distribute water resources rationally, reduce water pollution effectively and purify polluted water rapidly. People around the world should also take responsibility to save water in their daily lives.

Basic Laboratory Techniques Safety And Hematocrit

Basic Laboratory Techniques Safety And Hematocrit The hematocrit is normally ordered as a part of the complete blood count. It is important in evaluating anemia and polycythemia, monitoring the recovery from dehydration, the effectiveness of treatment for anemia, the ongoing bleeding to check its severity, etc. In this practical, hematocrit is used to determine if the patient has anemia by means of red cell indices MCV, MCH and MCHC. For red blood cell count, it is used to evaluate any type of decrease or increase in the number of red blood cells as measured per liter of blood. It is a parameter interprets in conjunction with hematocrit. Both decreased hematocrit and decreased RBC count indicate anemia. (D) Results Hematocrit (HCT) Record the red blood cell indices in the table below. Reading SI Unit RBC 8.55 ÃÆ'- 1012 RBC/L Hemoglobin 11.0 g/dL Your HCT value 26 % The red blood cell indices are used to classify anemias. Find out their formulae and calculate the MCV, MCH MCHC. Compare them to the reference values of a normal adult female. Red cell indices Formula Calculation (units) Reference range Mean cell volume (MCV) Hematocrit (%) ÃÆ'- 10 RBC _26 ÃÆ'- 10 8.55 MCV= 30.4 fL 86 98 fL Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) Hemoglobin(grams) ÃÆ'- 10 RBC __11__ ÃÆ'- 10 8.55 MCH= 12.87 pg 27 32 pg Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) Hemoglobin(grams) ÃÆ'- 100 Hematocrit (%) __11__ ÃÆ'- 100 26 MCHC= 42.3 % 32 37 % (*delete as appropriate and suggest whether blood smear A or B provided in the lab would belong to this sample) As your calculated MCV suggest, the RBCs are macrocytic / normocytic / microcytic *. As your calculated MCH suggest, the hemoglobin in the RBCs are within / below / above* the average weight. As your calculated MCHC suggest, the RBCs are normochromic / hypochromic / hyperchromic*. Blood smear A / B* belongs to this patient. Cell count and hemacytometer RBC Counts Averaging no. of RBCs in 2 one square millimeter Square No. of RBC counted 1 178 2 164 Total RBCs counted 342 Averaged RBC counted 171 Calculate the RBC count in the sample: = Average no. RBCs counted in 1 big square ÃÆ'- Dilution factor Area counted (mm2) ÃÆ'- Depth (mm) RBC count = 171 ÃÆ'- 1000 ikikikiiiiiiu 0.2 (mm2) ÃÆ'- 0.1 (mm) RBC count = 8.55 ÃÆ'- 1012 (units= /L ) (E) Quality Assessment Obtain results from the class and do the statistics.(Refer to Basic Clinical Lab Techniques pp. 79 81) ÃŽÂ £X_ n (117+160+174+142+166+161+181+183+166+143+164+159+148+162+225+135+165+120+ 168+128+271+104+171+168+171+182+170+176+181+116+172) à · 31 RBC counts is 162.87 . n Test Value (mg/dL) X Deviation Squared ( x)2 1 117 2104.15 2 160 8.24 3 174 123.86 4 142 435.60 5 166 9.79 6 161 3.50 7 181 328.66 8 183 405.18 9 166 9.79 10 143 394.86 11 164 1.27 12 159 14.98 13 148 221.15 14 162 0.76 15 225 3860.01 16 135 776.79 17 165 4.53 18 120 1837.92 19 168 26.31 20 128 1215.98 21 271 11691.89 22 104 3465.79 23 171 66.08 24 168 26.31 25 171 66.08 26 182 365.92 27 170 50.82 28 176 172.37 29 181 328.66 30 116 2196.89 31 172 83.34 ÃŽÂ £( x)2__ n 1 30297.48__ 30 = 1009.916 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡Variance à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡1009.916 31.78 2s = 63.56 +2s = 226.43 -2s = 99.31 3s = 95.34 +3s = 258.21 -3s = 67.53 10. Construction of a Levey-Jenning s Chart using the mean and standard deviation(s) from above. Indicate the mean value, +/- 1s, +/-2s, +/-3s on the appropriate lines. Using the RBC data from the class, plot the values from all students. Levey-Jennings Chart of RBC counts in class SD of RBC counts (G) Practical Review Questions Label the hemacytometer diagram below with its parts. (p208) Indicate the areas usually used for WBC count with W RBC count with R and Platelet count.p 1. What does the hematocrit measure? The hematocrit is a test determining the patients red cell volume found in whole blood and, thus, the bloods oxygen carrying capacity. It is expressed as a percentage by volume. 2. Give the hematocrit reference values for males, females, and newborns. Males: 42 52 % Females: 36 48 % Newborns: 51 61 % 3. Name a condition that could cause a decreased hematocrit value. Anemias 4. Explain the hematocrit procedure 1. Obtain patients blood and prepare the specimen. Gently mix the capillary blood by inverting the tube until all sediments disappear. Blood sample is drawn into a heparinixed microhematocrit tube by capillary action. Load the microhematocrit tube by holding it end downward to allow gravity to facilitate loading of the tube. The tube should be filled to about 3/4 full. Seal one end of the tube with a small amount of clay material at a 90 ° angle. 2. Centrifuge the samples. Please the sealed microhematocrit tube into the rotor of the microhematocrit centrifuge, with the sealed end against the rubber gasket. Duplicate samples should be placed opposite each other in order to balance the centrifuge. Securely fasten the flat lid on top of the capillary tubes. Spin the tubes for 2 to 4 minutes at 10000 rpm. After the centrifuge has stopped, open the top and remove the cover plate. 3. Reading and reporting the Hematocrit value. Inspect the tube to see if there is any leakage after centrifugation. Place the tube on the hematocrit reader. Place tube in the groove with the top of the seal-ease (bottom of the packed cells) lined up with the bottom line of the reader.   Move the slider bar to the border between the packed red cells and the plasma.   Read the percentage reading beside the slide bar. 5. Blood enters the capillary tube by what action? Blood enters by capillary action. 6. Why must the capillary tube be sealed securely? In the process of spinning, RBCs and a small amount of plasma will be forced from the tube, a false result may be resulted because of incomplete sealing of tube. Therefore, sealing the tube securely can create a pressure inside the tube which prevents the content from forcing out during centrifugation. 7. What is the usual length of time for centrifugation of the hematocrit tubes? The hematocrit tubes are usually centrifugated for 2 to 4 minutes at 10000rpm. 8. What safety precautions should be observed when performing a hematocrit? Standard precaution should be observed. 9. What technical factors can affect the quality of hematocrit results? Blood sample should be well-mixed before microhematocrit tubes are filled. Avoid bubbles when filling blood sample into the microhematocrit tube. Microhematocrit tubes should be filled at least three-fourths full. The microhematocrit tubes should be completely sealed before centrifugation. Read the hematocrit value at the top of the red cell layer, not at the top of buffy coat. 10.Case Study 1 A hemoglobin and hematocrit test performed in a pediatric clinic on a 2-year-old boy gave results of 110 g/L hemoglobin and 0.33 L/L hematocrit. Do these results agree? What is the boys general health status based on the hematology results? From the data provided by the case, the mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of the child: __11__ ÃÆ'- 100 33 = 33% The MCHC is within the normal range, showing the child is free from anemia. However, according to World Health Organization, a hemoglobin concentration of less than 110 g/L and a hematocrit value of less than 33% were used as a cut-off for anemia for children aged 0.5 to 5[1]. Therefore, for the above case, although the child does not have anemia at this moment, his marginal hemoglobin and hematocrit values agree and both show that he has a high risk of suffering anemia. Age or gender group Hemoglobin (g/dL) Hematocrit (%) Children (0.5-4) Children (5-12) Children (12-15) Adult Men Non-pregnant Women Pregnant Women

Comparison of The Matrix and Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? Essay

Comparison of The Matrix and Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? Andy and Larry Wachowski's movie, The Matrix parallels many of the characters and themes that are explored in Philip K. Dick's novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. There are five main characters or groups of people that are explored in Dick's novel. First, Morpheus, the leader of the "unplugged" individuals, emulates the role that the Rosen Association plays. Next, Cypher, an underhanded man, who is comparable to Rachel Rosen, a typical android, shows no empathy towards anyone. Surprisingly, Rick Deckard, an android killer and the main character, resembles the "agents" in The Matrix. Following Rick, the androids represent the enlightened men and women in The Matrix. Lastly, John Isidore, an unintelligent man, symbolizes the mass amount of people plugged into the Matrix. On a grander scale, the Matrix itself is very much like Mercerism, a way of life, which is explored in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. In addition to this, both futures contain the results of world-wide-wars. To start, the Rosen Association, an android producing and harboring organization, compares to Morpheus in a variety of ways. The Rosen Association creates new androids just as Morpheus frees minds. Neither of which, are easy tasks. Rick is talking with the head of the Rosen Association, Eldon Rosen, about a test he needs to perform on some androids. Eldon complies with Rick, but he explains to him that it is not that easy, "We can't just phone down to production and ask for a diverse flock of items"(44). Androids are very complex and cannot just be mass produced. Morpheus has a similar problem. Humans are also extremely complex. It is dangerous to free a mind that i... ...p? and The Matrix, both contain futures that are strikingly similar in a number of ways. Primarily, the characters in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? match up perfectly with those in The Matrix. Dick's characters and creations: The Rosen Association, Rachel Rosen, Rick Deckard, the androids, and John Isidore resemble Morpheus, Cypher, the "agents," the "unplugged," and the people plugged into the matrix respectively. Interestingly, both stories involve global warfare. Finally and most obviously, Mercerism and the matrix itself serve the same exact purpose, which is to blind people from the truth in oder to control them with more ease. Works Cited Dick, Philip K. Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. New York: Ballantine Books, 1968. Matrix, The. Dir. Andy Wachowski, Larry Wachowski. Perf. Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne. Film. Warner Brothers,1999. Comparison of The Matrix and Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? Essay Comparison of The Matrix and Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? Andy and Larry Wachowski's movie, The Matrix parallels many of the characters and themes that are explored in Philip K. Dick's novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. There are five main characters or groups of people that are explored in Dick's novel. First, Morpheus, the leader of the "unplugged" individuals, emulates the role that the Rosen Association plays. Next, Cypher, an underhanded man, who is comparable to Rachel Rosen, a typical android, shows no empathy towards anyone. Surprisingly, Rick Deckard, an android killer and the main character, resembles the "agents" in The Matrix. Following Rick, the androids represent the enlightened men and women in The Matrix. Lastly, John Isidore, an unintelligent man, symbolizes the mass amount of people plugged into the Matrix. On a grander scale, the Matrix itself is very much like Mercerism, a way of life, which is explored in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. In addition to this, both futures contain the results of world-wide-wars. To start, the Rosen Association, an android producing and harboring organization, compares to Morpheus in a variety of ways. The Rosen Association creates new androids just as Morpheus frees minds. Neither of which, are easy tasks. Rick is talking with the head of the Rosen Association, Eldon Rosen, about a test he needs to perform on some androids. Eldon complies with Rick, but he explains to him that it is not that easy, "We can't just phone down to production and ask for a diverse flock of items"(44). Androids are very complex and cannot just be mass produced. Morpheus has a similar problem. Humans are also extremely complex. It is dangerous to free a mind that i... ...p? and The Matrix, both contain futures that are strikingly similar in a number of ways. Primarily, the characters in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? match up perfectly with those in The Matrix. Dick's characters and creations: The Rosen Association, Rachel Rosen, Rick Deckard, the androids, and John Isidore resemble Morpheus, Cypher, the "agents," the "unplugged," and the people plugged into the matrix respectively. Interestingly, both stories involve global warfare. Finally and most obviously, Mercerism and the matrix itself serve the same exact purpose, which is to blind people from the truth in oder to control them with more ease. Works Cited Dick, Philip K. Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. New York: Ballantine Books, 1968. Matrix, The. Dir. Andy Wachowski, Larry Wachowski. Perf. Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne. Film. Warner Brothers,1999.

Literature Essay -- Education, Reading

Literature has the ability to take students to new places, and it allows them to experience many things they will never encounter in their lifetimes. In an effort to afford this opportunity to experience new things to all children, numerous studies have been conducted to examine ways to improve elementary students’ reading skills and overall reading comprehension. Within these studies, scholars have discussed links between vocabulary acquisition, vocabulary knowledge, fluency, and reading comprehension. This paper discusses these links and strategies to help students improve all aspects of their reading. In 1997, Congress asked the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD, 2000) to select an independent panel of reviewers to evaluate research and literature in order to determine the most effective way to teach children how to read. This panel was comprised of fourteen individuals from a variety of backgrounds; scientists in reading research, representatives of colleges of education, reading teachers, educational administrators, and parents. The panel came to be known as the National Reading Panel (NRP). The result of the NRP research was that the most effective way to teach children to read is through diverse instructional methods and techniques. According to the panel, effective reading instruction should consist of teaching students to break apart words and listen for sounds (phonemic awareness), teaching students that sounds form words (phonics), having students read aloud and provide them with feedback (guided oral reading), and applying comprehension strategies to guide and build complete reading comprehension. With this new wealth of knowledge, the NICHD began distributing their findings to... ...ntiff. This enriched content allows little doubt as to what the meaning of the vocabulary word is. The reader is able to use this example to not only learn the meaning of the word, but to gain an understanding of the purpose and way to use context clues to construct meaning. Hacker (2004) pointed out that one important strategy that is central to improving students’ reading comprehension is students’ ability to monitor their own comprehension. This concept is carried out by students identifying and resolving their own errors in reading. Students need to be able to decide whether or not what they have read makes sense. If not, they need to realize that they have encountered an error and begin problem solving as to what needs to be reread. This skill is especially important as students get older and begin reading an increasing volume of text independently. Literature Essay -- Education, Reading Literature has the ability to take students to new places, and it allows them to experience many things they will never encounter in their lifetimes. In an effort to afford this opportunity to experience new things to all children, numerous studies have been conducted to examine ways to improve elementary students’ reading skills and overall reading comprehension. Within these studies, scholars have discussed links between vocabulary acquisition, vocabulary knowledge, fluency, and reading comprehension. This paper discusses these links and strategies to help students improve all aspects of their reading. In 1997, Congress asked the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD, 2000) to select an independent panel of reviewers to evaluate research and literature in order to determine the most effective way to teach children how to read. This panel was comprised of fourteen individuals from a variety of backgrounds; scientists in reading research, representatives of colleges of education, reading teachers, educational administrators, and parents. The panel came to be known as the National Reading Panel (NRP). The result of the NRP research was that the most effective way to teach children to read is through diverse instructional methods and techniques. According to the panel, effective reading instruction should consist of teaching students to break apart words and listen for sounds (phonemic awareness), teaching students that sounds form words (phonics), having students read aloud and provide them with feedback (guided oral reading), and applying comprehension strategies to guide and build complete reading comprehension. With this new wealth of knowledge, the NICHD began distributing their findings to... ...ntiff. This enriched content allows little doubt as to what the meaning of the vocabulary word is. The reader is able to use this example to not only learn the meaning of the word, but to gain an understanding of the purpose and way to use context clues to construct meaning. Hacker (2004) pointed out that one important strategy that is central to improving students’ reading comprehension is students’ ability to monitor their own comprehension. This concept is carried out by students identifying and resolving their own errors in reading. Students need to be able to decide whether or not what they have read makes sense. If not, they need to realize that they have encountered an error and begin problem solving as to what needs to be reread. This skill is especially important as students get older and begin reading an increasing volume of text independently.

Coca Cola’s Water Neutrality Initiative

Coca-Cola’s Water Neutrality Initiative 1. The public issue that the Coca-Cola Company was facing is this case was its impact on its water use in local communities. The company was depleting local water reserves and introducing dangerous levels of pesticides in its products in and around its global plants. I feel that the nonmarket stakeholders were the ones most concerned by this public issue in the beginning. The global leaders (government) understood that the depletion of the world’s water resources could have a profound effect on the world in the near future.The water shortage also had an effect on the rise in food prices, regional conflicts, and disease. This in turn caused concern in another nonmarket group the general public. The general public are on the front lines in these circumstances, especially in third world countries where there is little corporate regulation and law. Because Coca-Cola is a World Wide conglomerate the global leaders and the general publi c expect the company to lead the way in terms of corporate social responsibility.I feel that in the beginning of this issue that Coca-Cola was primarily interested in facilitating the needs of their market shareholders. However once the global leaders and general public began to take notice they soon began to sway their views in terms of more efficient and effective methods to resolve their water issues to satisfy both the market shareholders and the nonmarket shareholders. 2. I feel that the geophysical environment and the political environment are the two strategic radar screens that stand out in this particular case.The physical environment affects the behavior and development of the people, both children and adults, who live and work in it. The quality of the physical space and materials provided affects the level of involvement of the children and the quality of interaction between adults and children. Coca-Cola definitely had disrupted the water resources of the local communit ies where they conduct their packaging and manufacturing.The TCCC managers should be concerned with these public issues and increase their environmental intelligence. The political environment is the other strategic radar screen that stands out to me. Differences in laws and policies from one regional government to another can mean that doing business can be easy in one part of a country and a nightmare in another. It may even be advisable for the TCCC to relocate all or part of its business operations to eliminate the negative effects of political hostility.This falls under the TCCC’s strategic management ability to institute some type of issue management to correct the water problems they face. 3. Issue management involves anticipating trends, responding to challenging events, engaging critical stakeholders; managers are responsible for managing strategic matters that affecting their organization. In the life cycle of any project, there will almost always be unexpected prob lems and questions that arise. Most issues are, by their nature, unexpected, managers need to deal with them quickly and effectively.The first thing that TCCC must do in the management life cycle process is determine the issue or event (internal/external), that if it continues will have a significant effect on the functioning or performance of their organization or on its future interest or what is causing a gap between their corporate practices and stakeholder expectations. Next management needs to analyze the issue by seeing if these gaps lead to a contestable point of difference, the resolution of which can have important consequences for their organization.Next management should frame the issue, specify decision factors, identify environmental forces by scanning and monitoring, develop alternate scenarios, and decide implications or recommend actions. Taking action is the next step in the issue management life cycle process. Barriers to effective issues management are the lack o f clear objectives, and unwillingness or inability to act Issues management is a process with achieved results. The scanning, monitoring, prioritization and strategic decision-making steps have no value unless action is taken toward achieving specific and measurable objectives.Finally, is the evaluation process of the management life cycle. Clear and measureable objectives need to be set and defined. The TCCC management needs to find the tools that best fit the set objectives. Tools such as surveys and interviews, as well as behavioral measures such as purchasing decisions, may all be necessary to evaluate the objectives laid out for the plan to succeed. I can definitely identify that TCCC has identified the issue of poor water conservation.It also appears to me that TCCC has begun to analyze and generate options with regard to their water issues. Finally TCCC has begun to take action to reduce their wasted water numbers and reverse the cycle of waste. The only step in the process n ot clearly cover I feel would be the evaluation process of how well the program faired. 4. The Coca-Cola Company used the reports from the Center for Science and the Environment and the analysis from the secretary general of the United Nations identify the issues they were facing with their treatment of water.TCCC used environmental intelligence to develop issues on their strategic radar screen. Once TCCC managers followed and assessed these eight different environments they identified their public issues and gaps between society’s expectations and their own practices. TCCC then used the issue management life cycle process to analyze the issue, generate options, and take action to prevent and correct the issues they identified. I feel the biggest benefit to the company was a more efficient and effective method of bottling and manufacturing the products.TCCC also provide their customers with a positive corporate social responsibility. Seeing the error of their ways was the fir st step need to improve their image. TCCC went the extra mile and acted on their findings and developed a new and innovative solution to a problem that affected the communities that support their bottom line. 5. I feel based on the information in the case study the TCCC did respond in an appropriate manner to the water waste issue.Any time a corporation can curve their waste (especially on this scale) they are excepting responsibility for their success through the communities they depend on. In most cases the corporation not only improves their social image, they also save money and costs through innovative techniques and technology development. I feel that there needs to be equilibrium for corporations between maximizing profits and duty to social responsibility. Works Cited Lawrence, A. T. , & James, W. (2011). Business and Society . New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin .

Modernism Essay

How does the author of this extract understand modernism? Support your response with a direct quote from the text. Modernism can be described as a movement that has been took place in late nineteenth and early twentieth century. This essay will discuss how the author understand modernism by, explaining how modernism eventuated to the integration of mankind and the way that it can jeopardize past traditions and create new ideas. Firstly, it can be mentioned that one of the outcomes of modernism is the destruction of limits and borders. It results to accretion of society and devastation of classes and believes and unite all members of that society. Berman believes that modernism is a paradoxical integration, as he states: â€Å"modernism pours us all into a maelstrom of perpetual disintegration and renewal, of struggle and contradiction, of ambiguity and anguish. †(Berman, 1982). This quote suggests that modernity is the termination of some diversities which may result to severity. Secondly, it can be noted that the experiences of modernity have been considered as a fulmination to believes and history of the society. However, there is a group of ethics and ideas that have been created during this movement. Berman states that: â€Å"although most of these people have probably experienced modernity as a radical threat to all their history and traditions, it has, in the course of five centuries, developed a rich history and a plenitude of traditions of its own. †(Berman, 1982). These new ideas can assist society to control the new way of their life and make it their own. In conclusion, this essay explained modernism with referring to some ideas and quotes of the author. Firstly, it explained the way that modernism unit all members of a society and secondly how modernism can develop new traditions as well as threating the old ones. Furthermore, todays society is experiencing post- modernism, which is a great result of what happened in twentieth century and how people harmonized themselves with modern life.

Why Teeagers Run Away from Home

It is critical that the number of youth who run away from home is increasing at a dangerous rate, and millions of parents suffer every year because their children run away from home. These parents say it is like a never-ending nightmare, and they are left to struggle with the question of why their child would leave home. Too many teenagers run â€Å"from† something rather than â€Å"to† something, but runaway teenagers claim they leave home in search of safety and freedom. Running away from home is usually a quick decision, and that choice is made on impulse rather than logical reasoning.One problem every teenager faces on a daily basis is stressful situations, but this can come to such an extreme that the only choice is to leave. Runaway teenagers are often victims of poor problem-solving, and they do not see alternative solutions other than leaving home. The romanticized view of living on the streets lures young teenagers to leave home, but they do not realize the har sh reality they will face. Teenagers run away from home on impulse, and they think it is easier to run away rather than to fix the problem.There are several reasons children run away from home, but a prominent reason is unstable and stressful family situations. One problem teenagers face these days is that both parents may work, and their mom and dad are not around much. Absence of a parent does not make the heart grow fonder, and oftentimes a runaway will complain that she is not loved anymore. Some teenagers run away as a response to a divorce between their parents. Since they have never experienced a situation like this, a teenager does not know how to react, so they escape to wield power over, get attention from, manipulate, or punish their parents.The death of a close family member can have a detrimental impact on a young teenager, and it can cause them to suffer an acute personal crisis and leave. For many teenagers, death is an obstacle that is hard to deal with, and without coping mechanisms, could quickly lead to running away from home. Major reasons teenagers run away from home are unstable and stressful family situations, and often include lack of parental guidance, divorce, and death of a family member.The main reason why kids run away from home is because they do not have good problem solving skills, and running away from home is an â€Å"either-or† kind of solution. Teenagers run away because they do not want to face something, and that includes unwanted emotions. They are trying to avoid any type of accountability, for the fear of consequences outweighs the possibility of a harsh, real world experience. The adolescent who has run away has run out of problem solving skills, and leaving home seems to solve their immediate problems.Running away becomes a quick fix, and it is the product of black-and-white thinking. If the circumstances are right, a teenager can run away at any time if they do not see an alternative solution. The willingness to leave can develop from a variety of reasons, for teenagers often do not know that what they are facing can be dealt with using other strategies. Running away from home shows poor problem solving skills, and the fear of consequences and accountability, not being able to see alternative solutions, and thinking it solves immediate problems are all signs of poor problem solving.Another factor is that teenagers often idealize running away, and they develop a romanticized view of life on the streets. Teenagers think that if they leave home, they will have all of the freedom they have ever wanted, and that they can control what happens to them. For some, running away makes them feel free, unsupervised, with no curfew hours, homework, dress code, and eating habits, but some just seek adventure and are pressured by their peers.Teenagers always want to find their own answers to their own problems, and this often leads to arguments between parents and children. Running away seems to offer a rebellious teen the chance to make choices for themself, and this thought is very tempting to many. Runaway teenagers have a very glamorous view of an independent life style, and they do not realize the struggles they will face. They have a naive picture in their head of a world filled with nice, fun, harmless people, but in reality, one is always cold, hungry, and struggling.Teenagers think to highly of a life away from home, and this is because they are naive, looking for control, and they want to make their own choices. Running away from home seems like an adventure or the key to freedom, and as if â€Å"no one can tell me what to do. † Unstable family conditions are often the cause of teenagers running away from home, and for many teens this is a difficult obstacle to face. A teenager who runs away from home is often a victim of poor problem solving skills, and they are looking for an easy escape from their problems.Teenagers are intrigues by the thought of living on the ir own, and often times have a romanticized view of a harsh and cruel world. Any child can run away at any time if the circumstances are right, and if they are under enough stress, any kid can justify running away. Do not forget that running away is like any other action, so in order to do it, one needs the ability, the willingness, and the opportunity. Kids have to ability and opportunity to run every day, so all it really takes is the willingness to do it.

The Person I Admire The Most

Among the teachers who have taught me through my school life, Mr.Huyyt is the one that I most admire. He was the English teacher of mine during my school life at CWPPS. In contrast to some teacher's apathy, his vitality always refreshed the atmosphere in our classroom. Moreover, his enthusiasm and thoughtfulness still warmed my heart to this day.James Huyyt won everyone's spelling completion soon after he began teaching us. As he was not the first English teacher of us, everyone had a skeptical eye on him in his first class. Sensing our doubts, he began the class with a guessing-people game. he asked us to write about our characteristics on a small piece of paper, which afterwards was read to the class for us to identify the person. We had great fun that day due to his ingenuity to grasp what we wanted. Afterwards, the contempt students used to hold in him was nowhere to be seen.The energy and passion James possessed when teaching was unbelievable. With more and more days he spent wi th us, I noticed a distinctive quality of his that truly amazed me. No matter what the weather was like and how he was feeling, he was always in high spirits when he entered the classroom, as if he was ecstatic to see us. Besides, he encouraged us to interact with him; therefore, the class was by no means serious and tense, but very enjoyable and inspiring.James used clever techniques to arouse our interest in learning English. Quizzes are the indispensable element of a class, but James added them with his own illustrations to make them more fascinating. He also printed many handouts, adorned with him amusing drawings, to provide the information missing in the textbook for us. In short, he had the magic to transform something painstaking into pleasure. Furthermore; lots of English songs were introduced to us in his class.

Step Out on Nothing

Josiah McCutcheon Term Paper 11/8/12 Step Out on Nothing After reading Byron Pitts Step Out on Nothing, I felt incredibly inspired by his will to overcome the challenges he faced throughout his life. I felt the book was more personal to me because I could relate to many of the stories and challenges described in the book. This book has changed a lot of my views and caused me to be more appreciative of the people in my life who have helped me overcome my own personal obstacles. Growing up Byron dealt with many difficulties that molded his character and helped him become a stronger person.His parents constantly fought but his mother always reassured him that everything would be all right and within God’s hands. He didn’t get much attention from his parents because they were always busy trying to support the family. His mother always expected him to do the best that he could and more and it’s the love he had for his mother that gave him the courage to do his best an d maintain his mother’s expectations. I can relate to this because I grew up with my mother and father always fighting but I knew they loved each other regardless of their arguments.My parents having five children didn’t help the situation because they were obligated to support the family by working all the time while simultaneously doing their best to be good role models. This is a lot of stress and responsibility for anyone and the stress caused by these burdens created more arguments that seemed to surface quite frequently. Much like Bryon’s mother Clarice, my parents expected us to be very respectful towards others and do the best that we could. My father, a man that reminds me of Clarice would always tell us everyday before school to be respectful and learn something.I don’t remember one day were my father didn’t remind us. Much like his family, we were a very religious family that had much faith in God. Growing up in a home where I was encour aged to learn and be respectful of others built character and helped shape me into the person I am today. Byron’s parents divorced forcing his mother to be the main supporter in his life because his father was absent through most of his life. I feel that this made him a stronger person because he didn’t have the father figure around to help support the family and this reinforced the need for education in Byron’s mind.His father’s absence and his mothers struggle to support the family independently made it clear that he needed to obtain a good education so he wasn’t put in similar circumstances as an adult. I can relate to this because I had my father growing up until I was sixteen until he passed from a heart attack. Of course, I had my father growing up giving me much advice on how to be a better man, but then losing him with my mom trying to support five kids was hard for her. I truly think that God has a plan for everyone and that everything hap pens for a reason.After that happened it made me a much stronger person and helped me deal with many things that many people couldn’t. Watching my mom struggling made me realize how much more my education meant and the need for an education to live a more comfortable life. It also showed me how important family is to have in your life. My family will always be there just like Bryon always had his family to turn to. Growing up Byron never learned how to read, because he was always trying to hide it from others. His mother never noticed it either because she was always so busy trying to support the family.Byron dealt with not only racism, but also people making fun of him because he couldn’t read. I honestly think that growing up with this issue positively contributed to the person he became. I can relate to this because my parents were always so busy with work and then when they got home it was time for them to relax. I also think they relied on the school a little bit too much to expect them to teach me how to read. Living in a rural area Roane County, West Virginia, education wasn’t the best.My father realized that we could receive a better education in a county that had more resources to provide children with a better education. Consequently, he moved us when I was ten years old to Morgantown, West Virginia. Once again reminds me of when Byron’s mother had him go to Curley for a better education. Morgantown was a much more populated school and I was made fun of causing me to hate school even more until a teacher much like Ms. Ulle, helped me with my reading and writing as much as she could. Her named was Ms.Bell and I remember the time she realized that I couldn’t read very well when a kid in her class made fun of me to the point where I was very upset. She asked me to stay after class and told me that she saw much greatness in me and wanted to help. It reminded me of when Dr. Paul Lucus told him,† Mr. Pitts, you†™re wasting my time and the government’s money. You are not Ohio, Wesleyan University material. I think you should leave. † Later on Ms. Ulle see’s Byron crying and says, †Young man are you ok? Yes ma’am, I’m fi†¦fi†¦fi†¦fine. You don’t look fine, please tell me what’s wrong she insisted. Byron proceeds to tell the story of Dr. Lucas and Ms. Ulle and encourages Byron to stay in school and offers to help him succeed. After reading what Byron went through I felt reassured that I could also some day achieve great things like Byron. It also gave me a deeper appreciation for the people that saw the potential in each of us. One of my favorite parts about this book was when Bryon talks about his experience in Afghanistan. His experience in Afghanistan was definitely life changing for him to see and go through many different obstacles.I feel that him seeing and going through various life-threatening situations made him a ppreciate everything in his life much more. I’ve always thought about going into the army to get the experience and also think it would be interesting to see different parts of the world and being able to learn about new cultures first hand. I feel an experience such as military service would expand my appreciation for life and give me valuable experience that would positively influence my character much like Byron’s experience as a journalist overseas.In this book it shows how much Byron Pitts wouldn’t give up on what he love to do and that was being a journalist. â€Å"Step out on nothing†, he had a long journey going through many different obstacles along the way. I feel that Byron wouldn’t have been able to do any of this without the support and love from his much appreciated love ones. The book has inspired me to not only to be the best that I can be but also, to never give up on trying at the things you want in life even if it means getting t urned down numerous of times.

Career Development Course Project- Resume Essay

Career Development Course Project- Resume - Essay Example I have participated in management duties including human resource activities. With my experience in service and management duties, as well as my education, I have prepared myself to be a valuable leader at a corporate structured restaurant. OBJECTIVE: I intend to continue my career in the restaurant business, my education contributing to my work experience in such a way as to provide my employer with the best possible background to have a high achievement. Through a position in management, it is my intention to continue to offer the highest quality customer service to the patrons of the restaurant or bar that I manage. QUALIFICATIONS: I have experienced most entry level positions in the food and beverage industry. I have also had experience in aspects of management, taking on the responsibility of management duties which have included human resource management. I have managed a bar which has included the experience of managing a staff, inventory, and customer relations. As well, I have experienced the planning and execution of catering both on and off site. SKILLS: Able to do scheduling; training bartenders and servers; able to make 10 drinks in a minute; able to do inventory for bars and restaurants; able to use Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Project, Outlook and Access. The ultimate goal of my career will be to enter into the business world as the owner of a bar. To get to this place in my life, so that I have prepared myself for the experience and have the best possible chance at success, I have worked in the restaurant business, primarily behind the bar, and have pursued an education towards this goal. My primary joy in being in the food and beverage industry is in the interactions that I have with my customers. I believe that owning my own bar will give me the opportunity to give my patrons the kind of experience that I think they will most enjoy. Through creating a business venture that is designed to the way that I think customers

The Major Factors of the Credit Agricole Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

The Major Factors of the Credit Agricole - Essay Example Credit Agricole is one of the largest retail banking groups in the world and is the largest banking group in France. The overall structure of the firm is such that it is owned by many smaller retail banks in France and is offering retail banking services not only in France but at international level also. Primarily focusing on the rural areas as its target market, the bank has also the presence in the cities and is now operating in more than 60 countries of the world. Such huge international presence, therefore, outlines a very significant expansion of the firm in the international market. The overall strategy of the firm in terms of international expansion has largely been focused on the acquisition of smaller banks in different European countries as well as countries from other parts of the world. Such expansion strategy outlines that the firm has taken an aggressive approach to extend its presence in the international market. Credit Agricole is considered as the green bank of France because of its support and stronger roots in the agriculture sector of the country. It is also because of its overall business philosophy that the firm mostly operated in the rural areas of the country with little presence in the urban areas. Credit Agricole is unique in the sense that its ownership structure is really different and its owned by many smaller banks. Bank’s historical roots are relatively richer given the fact that it was established in order to allow the extension of credit to the farmers so that they can boost their productivity. One of the reasons as to why the agriculture was lacking in productivity in France was the lack of credit to the farmers and as such, they were unable to purchase better seeds and other tools in order to better cultivate and increase their productivity.  Ã‚  

Reflective report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflective report - Essay Example The essay drew positive feedback from my tutor and earned a good grade. I attribute this success to the extensive research that I got involved in and comprehensive analysis of the literature materials therein. Taking into account that employees’ job satisfaction takes variations, the essay had to be well planned in different parts to ensure that all the aspects were dealt with. The authenticity of the essay was definitely incredible. In the essay, I recognized other authors’ work that I cited and ensured that the work was free from any plagiarism. Essay 2 The second essay had the question â€Å"How can performance of service be achieved without compromising on the satisfaction of employees?† this was majorly based on finding ways in which the satisfaction of employees is achieved without necessarily compromising on the quality of product and service delivery. The essay tackled service delivery and product quality extensively. The intrinsic and extrinsic employee motivation was also explored as a way of improving the service delivery. This essay is by and large a supplement for the first one. I thought that the first essay was more leant on dealing with the satisfaction of the employees as opposed to the improvement of service delivery and the production of quality products. ... was because the first essay tackled the employees’ aspect while this second one made a bridge between the employees and the quality of products and service delivery. During the April viva, I am certain that the panelists would want me to explain the choice of my topics and the push that I had in the subject matter. Carrying out a research is always tasking and I am sure that they will want me to explain to them how I managed my research, how I got my materials and the general ups and down that characterize research work. The panelists will also want to know my organization in as far as the research work is concerned and want to know how different it is from the usual course work. Eventually, they will seek to know the relevance and my reasons for having the second essay. During that time, I will get an opportunity to prove myself and to elaborate how well I have the grip on the content matter of the topics that I chose. Course reflection Reflecting on my research, there are a lot of positivity in the work I did though I realized that there are certain things that I would have done better. My organization during the research was good. I ensured that I searched for the relevant materials and did extensive research. In the first essay, I was very keen not to have repetitions that are unnecessary. I had a lot of materials that were enough to back up the items that I discussed. The better part of the organization of my research was as a result of adequate use of the research log. Throughout my sourcing of materials, I was keen to keep track of the materials that I came by so as to give me an easy time during the actual and final compilation of the research. The research techniques that I used were adequate and helped me in compiling the content of the first essay. The